Surfactant thickener: Ib feem ntawm betaine kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov thickener. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thickening zoo ib yam li lwm cov molecules me. Lub thickening yog ua tiav los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog surfactant micelles nrog ib feem loj ntawm 10%-20% hydroxyl pawg. Soaps tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tuab hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cov pos hniav ntuj feem ntau suav nrog collagen thiab polysaccharides. Betaine feem ntau yog siv hauv cov dej surfactant. Dej-soluble polymer thickeners: Ntau cov polymer thickeners thicken tshuab uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj. (Pyrrolidone) Tsis tas li ntawd, cov polymer thickeners xav tau ib qho me me kom ua tiav qhov xav tau viscosity, thiab tsuas yog 0.5% ntawm cellulose polymer yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav tib viscosity. Feem ntau cov dej-soluble polymer tebchaw yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog raws li thickeners nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce kev lag luam, tab sis kuj raws li tshem tawm cov neeg sawv cev, dispersants thiab chaw ua hauj lwm.
Cellulose yog ib qho zoo thickener nyob rau hauv dej-raws li systems. Cellulose yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim uas muaj cov tshuaj glucoside dua. Txhua chav tsev glucoside muaj 3 pawg hydroxyl, thiab ntau yam derivatives tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg hydroxyl. Cellulose thickeners thicken los ntawm hydrating thiab nthuav cov saw ntev, thiab cellulose thickened system nthuav tawm pseudoplastic rheological morphology. (Pyrrolidone) Kev siv feem ntau yog kwv yees li 1% los ntawm huab hwm coj. Polyacrylic acid thickeners muaj keeb kwm ntawm 40 xyoo txij li thaum Coodrich tau qhia Carbomer934 rau kev ua lag luam xyoo 1953. Tam sim no cov thickeners no muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv (saib Table 1). Muaj ob txoj kev ua kom tuab ntawm polyacrylic acid thickeners, uas yog neutralization thickening thiab hydrogen bonding thickening.
Neutralization thickening yog neutralize acidic polyacrylic acid thickener, kom nws cov molecules yog ionized thiab tsis zoo nqi yog generated raws cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm lub polymer. Lub repulsion ntawm xws li nqi ua rau cov molecules stretch thiab qhib los tsim ib tug network qauv kom ua tiav thickening; hydrogen bonding thickening yog tias cov polyacrylic acid thickener ua ntej ua ke nrog dej los tsim cov hydrated molecule, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ke nrog tus neeg pub dawb (xws li cov khoom tsis yog ionic surfactant nrog 5 lossis ntau dua ethoxy pawg) kom tshem tawm nws cov curled molecules nyob rau hauv lub aqueous system. tsim ib lub network qauv kom ua tiav thickening. (Pyrrolidone) txawv pH qhov tseem ceeb, sib txawv neutralizers thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm soluble ntsev muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub viscosity ntawm lub thickening system. Thaum tus nqi pH tsawg dua 5, qhov viscosity nce nrog qhov nce ntawm tus nqi pH; cov viscosity tseem yuav luag tsis hloov ntawm pH 5-10; tab sis raws li tus nqi pH tseem nce ntxiv, cov thickening efficiency txo. Monovalent ions tsuas yog txo cov thickening efficiency ntawm lub system, thaum divalent los yog trivalent ions tsis tau tsuas yog ua rau lub cev thinner, tab sis kuj tsim insoluble precipitates thaum cov ntsiab lus txaus.
